Instructions for titanium electrode

一、 Substrate: titanium

Titanium is a metallic element, gray, with atomic number 22 and relative atomic mass A7867. Can burn in light, high melting point. Blunt titanium and titanium alloys are new structural materials, which are mainly used in aerospace industry and Marine industry.

Because the titanium has high melting point, the proportion of small, high specific strength, good toughness, resistance to fatigue Qiong, acid and alkali corrosion resistance, low thermal conductivity, high and low temperature tolerance, can good, small under the condition of snap ling and thermal stress etc, its commercial value in the 1950 s began to be recognized, is widely used in aviation, aerospace and other high-tech fields. And continue to promote to chemical, petroleum, electricity, seawater desalination, construction, daily necessities and other industries, titanium metal is increasingly valued by people, known as modern metal, intelligent metal, strategic metal, biological metal, is to improve the level of defense equipment and people

Important strategic materials indispensable to people's living standards.

1, physical properties of pure metal titanium silver white. Compared with other metal materials, the characteristics of titanium are as follows:

1) The melting point is as high as 1660 degrees.

2) At room temperature (below 885 degrees) titanium has a closely packed hexagonal lattice, while above 885 degrees titanium has a body-centered cubic lattice, and its volume increases by 5.5%.

3) The density of titanium is about 4.51g/ cm ', is about 60% of stainless steel, more than aluminum, about 60% larger than aluminum.

4) Although the tensile strength of pure titanium is 350~700MPa, but the general titanium alloy can reach 700~1200MPa, even up to 1400MPa. As a result, titanium alloys have greater specific strength (that is, the ratio of strength to density) than any other material currently available.

5) The specific heat, thermal conductivity and resistivity of titanium are at the same level as that of stainless steel, but the expansion coefficient of titanium is 50% smaller than that of steel. Titanium has poor thermal conductivity and poor electrical conductivity, similar to stainless steel. 6) The modulus of titanium is smaller than that of stainless steel, and it can bend under lower stress.

7) Stable acaroid characteristics were observed in the temperature range of 200-300.

2. Chemical properties

1) Reaction with acid At room temperature, titanium is not easy to react with inorganic acid, but it can react after heating. 2) Interaction with alkali Titanium reacts very slowly with alkali solutions and does not react with dilute alkali solutions.

3) Interaction with non-metals In general, titanium is not very active, but at high temperature, titanium can directly with many non-metallic elements to form very stable, very hard and insoluble interstitial compounds.

4) An important characteristic of titanium is that it can strongly absorb gases (oxygen, hydrogen). The action of titanium with oxygen and nitrogen is irreversible, so titanium is a good getter. Hydrogen absorbed in titanium can be discharged from the metal when heated to 800 to 900 degrees in a vacuum.

二、 titanium electrode

In 1965, Dr. H. Beer in the Netherlands invented the nail titanium creep layer titanium plate. In other words, the alcohol solution of nail salt and titanium salt is coated on the surface of titanium matrix with titanium matrix. Through sintering, the salt is decomposed and oxidized to form a layer of Ru-Ti02 solid solution which is firmly bonded with titanium matrix. Nail titanium coated electrode is based on titanium metal, and its mechanical strength is larger, which overcomes the defect of graphite electrode in the process of shape change, and the electrode material has entered the era of titanium electrode since then. Through the design of different chemical formulations of coating can be obtained with different properties of titanium plate, after nearly half a century of development, titanium electrode has developed into a huge system.

The full name of titanium anode is titanium oxide coated anode (MMO). Also known as DSA anode, size and shape stable anode. It takes titanium as the substrate (wire, rod, tube, plate, net), brush on the titanium substrate coated with precious metal, so that it has good electrocatalytic activity, electrical conductivity, oxidation resistance. Compared with the original graphite anode and lead anode, the titanium electrode has the following advantages:

1, the electrode size is stable, the electrolytic process between the electrode distance will not change, to ensure that the electrolytic operation in the case of stable tank voltage into the ding; 2, high catalytic activity, low working voltage:

3, the working power is low, so the power consumption is small, DC power consumption can be reduced by 10%-20%;

4, the working life of titanium anode is long, the diaphragm method of chlorine production in the industry of metal anode chlorine resistance and Shouting corrosion, anode life has reached more than 57 years, and graphite anode only 8 months and already;

5, can overcome the graphite anode and lead anode dissolution problem, to avoid the electrical w liquid and cathode product pollution, thus greatly improve the purity of metal products, 6, can improve the density of current, increase the efficiency of electrolysis;

7. The oxide of precious metal iridium and nail has oxidation resistance, so the corrosion resistance of titanium electrode is strong:

8, can avoid lead anode deformation after short circuit problem, thus can improve the work efficiency  

9 Titanium electrode weight is light, compared with graphite anode and lead anode can reduce labor intensity:

10, titanium matrix shape and production is easy, can be high-precision;

11. Under the premise of no damage, the matrix can be used repeatedly:

Titanium anode classification:

1, nail coated titanium electrode (10g nail 2g iridium/square meter standard) This kind of electrode has low chlorine evolution over potential and high oxygen evolution over potential, mainly used in a variety of chlorine evolution situations, such as chlor-alkali industry, cathodic protection, sodium hypochlorite production, sewage treatment, etc. This electrode coating includes the initial nail titanium coating (Ru-Ti)

And ru-ir-Ti, ru-Co-Ti, ru-co-Sn-T1, ru-Sn-Ti, ru-Si-Ti, ru-Ti-Zr, ru-Ti-La and Ru developed on this basis - Ti-Ce and other coatings.

2, Iridium series coated titanium electrode (10g iridium/square meter standard) in the electrolytic process, such as electrolytic extraction of non-ferrous metals, electroplating industry, electrochemical reduction to produce organic matter, the design reaction of the anode is oxygen evolution reaction, and the electrolyte has a particularly strong oxidation, such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide and other environments. Therefore, it is hoped to develop a kind of anode material with corrosion resistance and low oxygen evolution overpotential. The Iridium series coated titanium electrode is developed under this background. This type of electrode coating includes Ir-Ta, IR-TA-CO, IR-TA-SN and other coatings. Ir-Ta coated titanium electrode

It is the most successful oxygen evolution electrode. Tantalum is a base metal and a stabilizer. The addition of the same molar weight of tantalum to the iridium coating can greatly improve the service life of the anode in a strong oxidizing solution.

3, platinum plating anode: titanium as the substrate. The surface is plated with precious metal platinum, and the coating thickness is generally 1-5um. Platinum electrodes (standard by coating thickness) are suitable for small electrolytic applications in hydrogen evolution environments.

三、 Brief introduction of production process

1, Choose Gr.11 type titanium substrate (compared withGr.2 iron, low oxygen content, high purity, electrode effect is better.) To ensure that the surface of the plate is smooth and smooth, without deep scratches and imperfections.

2. The selected titanium matrix is machined, such as edge folding, wire turning and welding, etc., and processed into the specifications and dimensions required by customers, and the tolerance is guaranteed.

3. Annealing and leveling the titanium substrate at a temperature of > 500℃. (To eliminate stress and ensure smoothness.)

4. When annealed and levelled, the surface of titanium substrate will form a dense titanium oxide layer, which will be polished mechanically or artificially to make its surface titanium metal.

5. Pickling corrosion of titanium substrate with 10% concentration of oxalic acid is carried out for several hours in the micro-boiling state, so that the surface oxide layer is etched into the surface of titanium hydride and the surface is rough

Roughness 5 microns.

6, according to the customer's application of anode environment into the reasonable precious metal solution and quantitative configuration.

7. Check that the pickling titanium substrate is qualified, that is, the surface is bonded from evenly colored twine surface and then artificially coated with shoe, and the surface is sintered according to the set appropriate temperature. After sintering Me, it is naturally cooled, and when it is cooled to room temperature, it is applied to the shoe three times until 1220 times the configuration solution is coated.

8. After the above processing work piece is sintered, carry out the life test M test with the furnace test piece, and deliver the package if qualified.

Iv. Main application areas

1. Chlor-alkali industry Electrolytic production of chlorate industry The chemical industry that produces chlorine gas, hydrogen gas and caustic soda by electrolyzing salt aqueous solution is called chlor-alkali industry, which is the revolutionary application of electrode development and the largest field in the modern electrochemical industry, and plays an important role in the national economy. In addition to the above, the downstream products can also be made hydrogen chloride (hydrochloric acid in aqueous solution), sodium hypochlorite, chlorinated stone vinegar, polyvinyl chloride polymer (PVCPolyvinyl chloride polymer = PVC molecular structure), hydrogen peroxide, etc.

In chlor-alkali production, with pure saturated salt water as the electrolytic solution, with titanium anode, was in rail network with asbestos wool, for cathode, anode chamber to produce chlorine, friend S chamber to produce hydrogen and sodium hydroxide, after purification is widely used in various industrial production application of titanium anode greatly propelled the development of chlor-alkali industry, is to learn domain epoch-making contribution, The electrode chlorine evolution catalyst has good electrocatalytic activity, mechanical stability and chemical stability, so it is an irreplaceable electrode material in the current nitrogen-alkali industry, and its service life is more than five years.

Because of the high power consumption and high salt consumption in the chlor-alkali industry, especially in the diaphragm production, the country has abolished the production and now the ion membrane electrolysis is the main one.

2, sodium hypochlorite generator, chlorine dioxide generator electrode manufacturing. (84 Disinfectant solution) Sodium hypochlorite is a strong oxidation benefit, belongs to the real efficient, broad spectrum, safe strong sterilization, virus killing agent, has a strong bactericidal effect, can replace bleaching powder and other oxidants. According to the chemical determination, ppm concentration of sodium hypochlorite in water is almost completely hydrolyzed to hypochlorous acid, its efficiency is higher than 99%. In the process of sterilization and virus killing, hypochlorous acid can not only act on cell wall and virus shell, but also penetrate into bacteria (virus) body, and bacteria (virus) body protein, nucleic acid, and enzyme and other organic polymer oxidation reaction, so as to kill pathogenic microorganisms.

Since the Spring Festival of 2020, due to the outbreak of the novel coronavirus in China and the world, the demand for disinfection and health protection products is in short supply, and people's awareness of sterilization and disinfection has increased, and many manufacturers of household disinfection instruments have been born. Because of its simple principle, convenient production, only 10 grams of salt water +600 MA current, that is, can obtain 2000PPm of 84 disinfectant, the product is a ring nail iridium electrode, watering can shape, best-selling at home and abroad.

Electrode product appearance: plate, network, tube, etc., our company in Asia, Europe, Africa, Oceania, South America, North America and many other customers long-term supply, current density 3060A, voltage 24V.

3, PCB electronic circuit board factory etching waste liquid recovery etching is an important process in the production of printed circuit boards, with the waste etching liquid contains a large number of copper ions or other metal ions, can be recycled by means of. Through this bad recycling section, enterprises not only increase economic benefits by collecting copper and other metals by m, but more importantly, achieve emission standards and recycle resources, which has long-term social benefits. Waste liquid includes: waste liquid of etching, waste liquid of micro etching, waste liquid of alkaline etching, waste liquid of acidic etching, waste liquid of low copper content, waste fixating liquid, waste frame material, waste liquid of nickel content, waste liquid of gold and palladium content, waste tin water. These electrodes have two modes. One is cyclonic electrolysis for copper extraction, which is applied in Jinchuan Group of Gansu Province. The other is plate structure copper, early because of the rapid development of Shenzhen Baoan and Jiangsu Kunshan electronic circuit board, so the majority of applications.

4. Cathodic protection

In the ocean, hull, bridge and other steel use environment, due to the corrosion of impurities and microcells in steel, coupled with the complex natural environment, although the selection of corrosion alloy steel, and increase the thickness of the material coated with excellent corrosion resistant paint, but the corrosion of these structures is still very serious, a great threat to safe production, Cathodic protection is a convenient and important measure to effectively protect the permanent steel structures in the ocean.

1) The entire surface of the protected metal structure is shaded by the applied current

Electrode, called applied current cathodic protection.

2) Connect a metal or alloy with a more negative potential to the metal equipment that needs to be protected, called sacrificial anode protection.

It is used in the following fields:

1) In fresh water and seawater, prevent corrosion of ships, docks, platforms, gates and cooling equipment, etc.

2) Shouting and salt solution, to prevent the storage tank, evaporation tank, boiling pot, etc.

3) Prevent corrosion of pipelines and cables in soil and sea mud.

5. Sewage treatment

With the rapid development of industry and agriculture and the growth of population, the amount of sewage discharged by human beings has increased sharply, resulting in many water areas suffering from different degrees of contamination. Electrochemical treatment of sewage is divided into direct electrolysis and indirect electrolysis.

1) Direct electrolysis means that pollutants are directly oxidized or reduced on the electrode and removed from the waste water. Direct electrolysis can be divided into cathode process and anode process. Refers to the contaminant on the surface of the anode oxidation and anodic process into low toxic substances or easily biodegradable material, inorganic and organic matter even happen so as to achieve the aim of cutting pollution, cathode process refers to rot dye material reduction at the cathode surface and be able to remove, it is mainly used for reductive dehalogenation of halogenated hydrocarbons and heavy metals recycling.

2) Indirect electrolysis refers to using REDOX substances produced by electrochemistry as reaction agents or catalysts to convert pollutants into less toxic substances. Indirect electrolysis can be divided into reversible processes and irreversible processes. The reversible process refers to the electrochemical regeneration and recycling of REDOX substances in the process of electrolysis. An irreversible process oxidizes organic matter by means of an irreversible electrochemical reaction.

Used in printing and dyeing wastewater treatment, garbage infiltration, fecal sewage 펜 cyanide wastewater, pharmaceutical wastewater treatment line, hospitals, water treatment, organic wastewater.

In order to effectively remove COD and BOD and ensure a large electrolytic area, the sewage treatment seal must be equipped with electrodes, parallel electrolysis, mainly with mesh structure.

6, circulating water softening

In the application environment of circulating water, due to the presence of calcium and magnesium ions in the water, long-term operation in the equipment or pipeline will cause scaling of the equipment pipeline, resulting in increased resistance and even obstruction. Second, for the boiler scaling leads to decreased heat transfer efficiency, waste energy. Third, breeding bacteria, people and animals drinking will cause physical harm. Using the principle of cathode reduction, one is to place the special titanium electrode net cylinder in the circulating pool. With the progress of electrolysis, calcium and magnesium ions in the water can be adsorbed on the cathode net, effectively removing metal ions in the water and softening the water. The other is the value of the ring water through the descaling box, adsorption of calcium and magnesium ions back out.

7, gold plating, steel plate galvanized tin plating

Titanium electrode has excellent electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance, the service life is much higher than that of lead anode, can work stably for more than 4000 hours, low cost, will be the inevitable trend of domestic and foreign galvanizing, tin production development. Titanium electrode is currently used in Japan, the United States, Germany and China. It not only saves electroplating energy consumption, but also creates conditions for the production of thick galvanized and tin steel plate because it can increase the electroplating current density.

8, non-ferrous metal extraction

Electrolytic metallurgy occupies a large proportion in the wet gold industry, and the non-ferrous metal coated with electric gold refers to Zn, Cd, Cu, Mn, Co, Ni, Cr and so on.

The advantage of Shu Jie metallurgy is that it has a very high selectivity, can obtain high pure blood, with the collection of useful metals, so it can deal with low grade materials and complex components of the waste ore, which is conducive to your combined use of the source. In addition, the environmental pollution is small, the production is easier to continuous and automatic.

In recent years, coated titanium electrodes have been widely used in barium field for electrolytic extraction, and it has become the second industrial field that uses titanium electrodes on a large scale.

9. Electrolytic copper foil

With the development of science and technology, the degree of automation is increasing day by day, promoting the development of electronic industry advisory. The application of large integrated circuit makes the demand of copper foil increase in electronic and instrument industry, and the quality requirement of copper foil is also higher and higher. According to the thickness, it can be divided into 1054m, 70m, 35m, 18m, 12m, 9m and 5m, among which copper foil below 12m is generally called ultra-thin copper foil. Electrolysis copper foil uses a rotating metal roller partially immersed in copper sulfate solution as the cathode to produce foil by continuous electrolysis. The international copper foil production is mainly controlled by Japan, and there are about 15 domestic production enterprises with a capacity of about 35,000 tons.

10. Electrolytic function water electrolysis function tank

Functional water is defined as water with various useful functions obtained through artificial treatment. Electrolytic water is popular as a sterilization treatment technology with good sterilization effect, strong practicability and no secondary pollution. Using titanium electrode to produce functional water by electrolyzing drinking water or trace brine, it is widely used in electrolysis machine.

1) Use electrolysis to produce hypochlorite root, new ecological oxygen, hydroxyl radical and other strong oxidizing substances to kill microorganisms. 2) Use electrolytic electrodes to directly act on microorganisms and make them die.

3) Alkaline ionized water can directly treat a variety of diseases, effectively improve human metabolic function, eliminate harmful acid metabolites free radicals, enhance physical prevention and improve disease resistance.

4) Acid ionized water has the effect of inhibiting bacterial growth, and the effect is the same as that of beauty astringent water, and the application of strong oxidizing Jinding residual trapped disinfection treatment; Alkaline ionized water is used to regulate human physiology.

My company department YC90 type aluminum reduction cell's structure above the water table is buried, low energy consumption, wide applicable scope of water quality, reliable performance and long service life, easy to clean, tub use ABS plastic, good thermal stability: m sintering aluminum clan Jin Yu titanium alloy electrode, high electrical conductivity, non-toxic, good oxidation resistance and very good performance, long service life, meet the national drinking water safety standards.

Installation size: 185X44X70mm/Model: YC-90 / Water yield: 90~1201/h/pepper material: TAl/Shell material: ABS plastic/Overelectrodeposition density:

5000A/voltage ≤24V/ ORP value: less than -250 mV/service life: 5-10 years (depending on water quality)/PH alkaline 7.5-10 acid 6.5-3.5 / Broken structure: five poles and four tanks/Heavy metal and toxic precipitate: none Usage instructions: This electrode can be used as a conductor, that is, any DC power connection

The fire is positive, and the other is the rice. It is connected with a tee for one side of the water inlet, the other end for acid water and alkaline water outlet. Different water quality, water resistivity is not the same.

Therefore, after the water is gradually adjusted to high pressure (between 24 and 30 volts) or current, know that the outlet is suitable for acid and alkaline water. If the P value is further required, add 0.3% salt water for further determination.

5. Enterprise advantages

The company has its own titanium substrate and the original bag of Heraeus precious metal nail trichloride and iridium chloride acid, which guarantees the reliability of raw material quality from the source. The company is located in the titanium resource base Baoji, own CNC lathes and other machining equipment, effectively ensure the production period and precision control.

3, the company constantly improve the sintering device, improve the operating environment, to ensure the stability of production.

4, the company has accumulated many years of anode production experience, and has a group of skilled operation technical workers, and on this basis, constantly optimize the process, so that the product is more competitive in the market.

Vi. Precautions for electrode use

After the titanium electrode is sintered by oxidation, the black surface of the nail and iridium dioxide or iridium dioxide and tantalum pentoxide is used. The black side corresponds to the cathode. The surface of titanium dioxide without coating is blue or gray, and this surface has no electrode performance.

2. Once the titanium electrode substrate is pickling completed, it must be carried out strictly and carefully in all the subsequent production and processing processes. When moving, installing and disassembling, wear clean gloves to jam both ends or edges of the anode, and it is best to contact the uncoated part.

Note: The titanium matrix itself is not conductive, its outer layer coated with metal oxide coating has electrocatalytic activity, conductivity, oxidation resistance, but its thickness is only about 10 meters, such as scratches or damage, in the process of electrolysis, the electrode will not only corrosion from the damage, and then affect the quality and effect of the entire electrode, And the titanium anode will greatly reduce the service life because of the transient strong current loading.

3, electrolyte to maintain stability, especially can not contain cyanide ions and complex ions. These impurities will seriously corrode the titanium matrix; 4. Add a filtration device before the electrolyte enters the electrolytic cell, and do not contain metal particles with a diameter greater than 1. Omm, so as to prevent excessive aggregation and short circuit of anode and cathode.

5, electrolytic recovery of copper, nickel, gold, silver, drill and other metals, Ming school time should not be too thick, titanium electrode initial use, conductive activity is the best, the cue effect innocent sound. Therefore, it is especially necessary to monitor the timing of stripping words at the beginning, in order to prevent the political distance from being too small or metal thorn generation leading to the breakdown of Yin and Yang pole short circuit.

6, Yin and Yang pole spacing can be set according to the actual production, generally in 3-25um. In general, the pole distance general assembly increases the voltage drop, but should not be too small, the cathode scale produced by the negative acid table country is easy to cause the plate short circuit, resulting in anode negative electrode honeycomb corrosion;

7. Avoid reverse electrode use. Once the noble metal oxide coating is used as a negative release, the surface produces reduction reaction, easy to change into metal elemental, it can not be combined with titanium double, resulting in coating wrist: pure titanium as an anode, the surface of the intense oxidation reaction will make titanium materials particularly easy to be dissolved.

8. It should not be immersed in the solution for a long time in the power off mode when stopping. It is best to load a small current of about 5A to protect the plate.

9, shutdown or other maintenance conditions, add dilute acid or clean the electrode surface with water, but not with nylon or mechanical material washing. 10, the electrolyte working temperature should not be too high, the ideal temperature of 25-40C, if conditions can be added to the heat exchange device to maintain the best electrode environment.

11. Normal working current density 2000A/ m? Within, the current is too large to cause the reaction is too intense, shorten the anode life;

12. When starting up, load the current to the electrolytic cell step by step, do not rise to the position at one time, and also when stopping.

13, in the production and use of the anode to keep clean, can not be contaminated with oil or other attachments, so as not to affect the electrolytic effect and electrode life.

14. In the same electrolytic environment, different titanium anodes have different electrical conductivity. 먹 of precious metals, the more the amount of anode, catalytic activity, the conductivity of the antioxidant properties are greatly improved, so in industrial operations, especially in the anode using stage for the first time, require operators close observation, grasp the law, no attachments to too much or too fast growth in the cathode plate caused by breakdown situation.

15. Nail iridium electrochromatographic properties of chlorine, in the process of electrolytic salt water or sewage, must ensure the concentration of electrolyte, such as salt water is 35%, otherwise in the shape of close to pure water

16, anode electrolysis needs stable DC power supply output guarantee, that is, the rectifier into fatal damage. The coefficient must not exceed 5%. In the anode state, oxygen molecules enter the coating and titanium substrate. The smaller the ripple (clutter) coefficient of the coating shape is, the better the output parameter is. The reverse is worse. The ripple coefficient cannot exceed 5%.

17, the anode has life, to ensure the stability of production is more beneficial to prolong the use cycle.