Niobium is a silver coloured metal which is generally found in conjunction with tantalum, the two elements being separated by fractional crystallisation of their respective fluoro-complexes. It has an abundance of 20 ppm in the earth's crust. As a pure metal, is very reactive and forms an extremely stable oxide when exposed to air which enhances its corrosion resistance. Niobium will react with a variety of non-metals at elevated temperatures.

 Niobium and niobium alloy tubes, rods and wires are widely used in the fields of chemistry, electronics, aviation and aerospace due to their high melting point, corrosion resistance and good cold working performance. Niobium and niobium alloy bars are used as structural materials of aeroengines and rocket nozzles, internal components and cladding materials of reactors, and as corrosion resistant parts under nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, or sulfuric acid corrosion conditions. The addition of zirconium to niobium can significantly improve the oxidation resistance and strength of the materials. Niobium and niobium zirconium alloy wires are widely used to manufacture anode leads for high-voltage sodium lamps and electrolytic capacitors.

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